Geological structure

Geological structure. Uzbekistan is located in the interstream area of the Amurdaria and the Syrdaria Rivers in the mountain
 structures of Tian Shan and Turan plate. Geosyncline development of the territory was completed at the end of the
Paleozoic (200 million years ago), which was followed by a relatively quiescent stage of platform conditions. Neogene – Anthropogene intense tectonic movements, which still persist, formed modern alpine relief of the east of the country.

Tian Shan Mountains are composed of Devonian and Carboniferous red and carbonate rocks crumpled into linear folds of northeastern strike and magmatic formations (for the major part granites). The structure of folded complexes of median massifs comprises

Carboniferous and Permian volcanogenic rocks, Devonian limestone, and numerous intrusions of granodiorite.

Mesozoic and Cenozoic platform formations (sandy clayey and locally coal-bearing) compose the structure of Fergana intermontane basin. Many areas of the mountain area of Uzbekistan are noted for their increased seismic activity.

Turan plate comprises several plateaus bounded by deep faults. Turan plate basement is composed of Precambrian crystalline schist formed more than 500 million years ago. The sedimentary cover is, for the major part, composed of terrigene, carbonaceous and salt-bearing deposits (the Carboniferous – Anthropogene). In overlying troughs formed on Southern Tian Shan deep fault, Carboniferous volcanogenic sedimentary and flyschoid molassa deposits with granitoid intrusions occur.

Natural resources

Natural resources. Uzbekistan is rich in various useful minerals. Bismuth ore deposits are associated with Tien Shan magmatic formations, copper porphyrite deposits are associated with diorite, complex ores deposits are related to carbonate rocks, and gold deposits are associated with formations of volcanic origin. Besides, gold deposits are also encountered in Precambrian rocks of Kyzylkum. Oil is extracted in Fergana valley. Deposits are known of tungsten, coal, potassium and rock salts, sulfur, graphite, clays and semiprecious stones. 

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